Geophysical and Contamination Assessment of Soil Spatial Variability for Sustainable Precision Agriculture in Omu-Aran Farm, Northcentral Nigeria

The Spatial and temporal variability of soil properties (fluid composition, structure water content) hydrogeological employed for sustainable precision agriculture can be obtained from geoelectrical resistivity methods. For agricultural practices, site-specific information is paramount, especially at the planting season. An integrated one-dimensional (1D) two-dimensional (2D) electrical surveys have been adopted to characterize subsoil parameters delineate aquifer unit large farm area, in practices. Also, contamination assessment reveals quality status farmlands. This study aims determine a commercial Omu-Aran, Northcentral, Nigeria. features indicate 3 4 distinctive lithology depth 43.4 m into subsurface farm. ID (Vertical Electrical Sounding) 2D inversion models results revealed heterogeneity nature topsoil also known as stone zone comprising reworked clayey sandy gravelly soil, weathered/saprolite (gravelly sandy/ soil), fractured basement fresh rock. Contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI) Nemerow (NIPI) were used assess on farmland. Toxic elements such arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc low moderate investigation (≤ 3m) covers upper root significant crops grown area. findings contamination, features, variability, profiling, hydrological properties.